Method of and apparatus for transforming single or polyphase into continuous current.



PATENTED APR. 30, 1907.

G. PAGET. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING SINGLE OR POLYPHASE INTO CONTINUOUS CURRENT.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.22, 1804.

4 SHEETS-SHEBT 1.

GEORGES 71657 /n x [35M PATENTED APR. 30,1907.

G. FAGET.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORMING SINGLE OR POLYPHASE INTO CONTINUOUS CURRENT.

APPLIGATION FILED 0GT.22,1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Rotor l I I Inven (or GEORGES 73657 per may

PATENTED APR. 30, 1907.

G. PAGET. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORMING SINGLE OR POLYPHASE INTO CONTINUOUS CURRENT.

APPLIOATION FILED 00122, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

In Ire/1Z0 6501mm m6 1 PATENTED APR. 30, 1907.

v G. PAGET. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMIN'G SINGLE OR POLYPHASB INTG CONTINUOUS CURRENT,

APPLICATION FILED 001222, 1904.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

7 Viin e 66 .D di /k? 3,45,

UNITw JD STATES PATENT OFFICE.

oneness FAGET, or Penis, FRANCE.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING SINGLEDOR POLYPHASE INTO CONTINUOUS CURRENT.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 30, 1907.

Application filed October 22, 1904. Serial No. 229,629.

To (oil when it may con/corn:

Be it known that I, GEORGES FAGET, a citizen of France, residing at Paris, France, have .lnfvented a new and useful Method of and Apparatus for Transforming Single or Polyphase into Continuous Current, of which thefollo'wing is a specification.

In certain branches of the electric art, and particularly in electric traction, it would be extremely useful to have certain apparatus for taking single phase or multiphase current of constant frequency and potential, as furnishedby the mains, for converting the same into continuous current having a voltage variable at-will for use inmotors, etc. i have found that the problem could not be solved in a rational 'nianner except by satisfying the condition of having constant densities of magnetic flux so as to secure perfect operation and high efficiency per unit of weight. For this reason the composition of fields which. would change the flux densities could not be resorted to and l have solved the d'illiculty by using distinct constant fields and compounding only their separate effects. M y new system of transformer is, therefore, .mlllblIlBCl so as to use the primary alternating currents to produce in diilerent parts of space two rotary fields or else two elliptically rotary fields of either equal or unequal but constant strength, both "fields having the same angular velocity and, therefore, a constant angular relation, which angular rela tionl'l make adjustable by any suitable means, so that the rotary fields in acting on consecutive portions of a secondary fixed winding extending through both iields shall induce therein two constant alternating eleotro-motive forces equal in period, but differing in phase by an amount corresponding to the angular relation given to the two fields, and, therefore, producing in the secondary a resultant alternating elcctro-niotive forceof the same fre uency, but of a strength dependent upon saic angular relation. The secondary windings are made in the shape of an armaturh with a stationary con'nnutator and the resultant alternating electro-motive force is rectified or commuted by brushes rovolvcd by any suitable means so to make contact on the revolving neutral axis of con1- mutation. The constancy of the two rotary fields is insured by the fact that they have to counterbalance the constant electro-motive force of the main or feeders, by their induct ive reaction on the two primary circuits.

The annexed drawings show how the invention may be carried out in practice first as used for transforming multiphase currents and then as applied to the case of single phase currents.

Figure 1 shows one form of the invention such form being specially adapted for illustrating the general arrangement and principies involved. Fig. 1 is a pure diagram of the same. Fig. 2 is a preferred form shown in elevation with left half in section. Fig. 3 is a plan of the rotor, showing the two wind 'ings and the auxiliary variable resistance diagrammatically. Fig. 4 is a diagram of a fhrm adapted to operate either with two phase current or with uniphase current. Fig. 5 is a similar diagram of a form adapted to operate either with three phase current or with unipi'ia'se current. Fig. 6 is a diagram of a form specially adapted to two phase current.

A is a fixed laminated core, similar to the stator core of an induction motor or alternator and having housed therein the primary winding (l, as Well as a part E of the secondary winding.

U is a high tension multiphase windii'ig, connected with the main or feeders and producing an upper rotating field.

E is a continuous current drum winding having a fixed conmiutator l. ()n the latter rub brushes, such as P, leading the current to rings-K which revolve with them; as indicated in Fig. l' by pins 10 and on the rings ls. bear brushes, such as J (Fig. 2), which collect the current for use in the motor or other local apparatus not shown. The brushes and -the rings are rotated by any suitable means which in the embodiment illustrated consists iii a core andwvinding (i which bears the .l'LliltlOl'l of rotor to the stator A. The secondary winding extends downwardly from it to F into a second rotary licld produced by a second primary winding l) housed in the (ore ii to form a second stator. The windings and l) are identical and are fed in parallel from the same main.

ii is the core of the drum winding i l F.

The vollage of the continuous current is varied by increasing or by decreasing ,the angular relation of the two rotary fields produccd by the windings (.1 and l); and the simplest way of doing this is to revolve lhc stator ll 1) (by means of a shaft 0 Fig. l) i more or less on its axis X X. in order to not in vertical section, with right half omitted,-

interfere with such angular adjustment, the teeth of core B are made short enough (see Fig. 1) to pass clear of the coils F. The same result might evidently be secured by angular adjustment of the stator A (J or by opposite angular adjustments of both A (7 and B D.

- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of my invention in which B D is alone movable and to simplify the construction B D is here mount-- ed inside of H F. The angular motions are imparted to B D by means of a shaft Q through suitable gearing as seen in the drawing.

It will be noted, that in the forms of Figs. 1, 1 and 2 the magnetic circuit of the field that is angularly adjusted or shifted (lower field) is closed through a stationary core ll, while the upper magnetic circuit is closed in a revolving core G. This feature is a very important factor in the practical realization of my system.

To make the principle of my invention clear, I shall now explain how the voltage of the continuous current is related to the angular relation of the two rotary fields. In doing so I shall suppose that the fields are equal because this is the most desirable. and general case.

Let f 2 ence produced on the commutator by either of the revolving fields acting alone; and let a be the angular relation of the two fields. The parallelogram rule of composition gives for the resultant potential difference which we shall call u.

be the maximum potential differ- 'v V cos a and it will be seen that o varies from V to zero as a varies from zero to it. It is evident that, in order to obtain such variation to zero, it is necessary that the fields be equal, that is to say, that the two stators shall have identical windings and the same core volumes. the variation in the voltage of the continuous current. would be restricted within narrower limits. in order to collect the full value of this difference of potential on the commutator, it is necessary to keep the rotary brushes on the neutral axis of commutation. This may be done in a number of different ways, but I shall only describe the one. which 1 have found to be the simplest and best. The. brushes P, I, Fig. 1 are mounted on a rotor G, which is mounted in the upper rotary field.

In the case where the two rotary fields are equal, the resultant neutral axis, in which the brushes must niakefcontact, makes with the neutral axis of said upper field an angle equal to one-half of (Y and to obtain the proper set of the brushes, notwithstanding this difference, I provide means for correlf such condition were not fulfilled,

spondingly shifting the magnetic axis of the rotor within its own mass, when a is varied. To this end, as shown in Fig. 3, the rotor G is provided with a (ii-phase winding; ()ne of these windings M is of thin wire and is fed directly from the brushes P, P, (Figs. 1 and 3) which are mounted on the rotor so as to have the proper set when :1 equals zero. The resistance of this winding M is calculated to yield the necessar field for the maximum voltage V. The other winding N is of thicker wire and produces the field necessary for the lowest desired voltage, say, onetenth of V. In series with winding N, I place through ring L a rl1eostat,O,the lever of which is mechanicallv connected with shaft Q so that the resistance of circuit N and angle 11 are varied simultancousl and in such manner that the resultant field of wind ings M and N shall remain constant when a varies, but shall be shifted angularly in the core G through the angle required to keep the brushes in the neutral axis. I have found that this is obtained when the total resistance-of circuit N is kept proportional to the cotangent of angle 5 (Y. I

The apparatus as just dcscriped fully realizcs all the conditions which consider to be dcsiraflc and necessary; that is to .say, in the lower part of the apparatus the cores H and B are the seat of a rotary field of constant strength, for the reaction of this field on the invariable circuit D must at all times balance the constant fall of potential of the main or feeders. For similar reasons the core A of the upper part of the apparatus is also the seat of a constant rotary field, l\forcover, as the rotor G is wound to secure constant magneto-motive force, the parasitic fluxes due to t'he'rcactions of circuits C E and M N will also remain constant for all adjustments of the apparatus and the flux in G will, therefore, be constant. This last condi-tion is so much the more important that the part G M N acts as the rotor of a synchronous motor and the constancy of its operation depends substantially on the value of the ampere turns which excite it. I

The desirable and necessary conditions realized by my apparatus may be summarized as follows: first, to keep thebrushes on the neutral axis of the potentials distributed about the connnutator, that is, at the points which have the greatest potential difference; secondly, to preserve (thanks to the con staney of the fields in all parts) a constant and invariable flux density in all parts subjected' to periodic or to fixed magnetization. Where the feeders supply only a single phase current, the upper part of my apparatus, being, in fact, a synchronous motor, may generate, with a part of the energy taken from the main in one phase, the auxiliary phase required to produce the regular rotation of the field in the lower part. i or ex- ICO ' must be able to work generally with tri-phase current or occasionally with um-phase cursuited for use Where the same apparatus is to leave a few notches free for the auxiliary ample, supposing the apparatus to have pril mary diphase windings (Fig. shall/that will be necessary will be to connect the first phase winding I, of winding C and of winding D in parallel on the main as seen in the figure and I then to connect the second phase windings l I of the two fields. For starting, the second phase circuit is connected with the main through a suitable resistance, self induction 1 or capacity arrangement 1t R in the well known manner to create the log or lead which is required by the momentary inaction of rotor G. Similarly, if the apparatus has primary tri-phase windings C and D (Fig. 5), phase windings I and II are connected in parallel on the main, and the two phase 1 windings III are. connected together in series, and on the main through the resistance, self induction or capacity R, Finally, it should he noted that, as the variation in the result ant voltage does not affect the flux densities, .l may use any one of the devices known in alternator apparatus to increase the power of my apparatus by increasing the flux density above the economical value, although, as well understood,such gain in power entailsa loss in efficiency and power factor.

The arrangement of Fig. 4 is particularly be used generallv with di-phase current and occasionally wit uni-phase current. Likewise the arrangement of Fig. 5 is specially suited for use where the same apparatus rent. But when the apparatus is to he spccially established for use with uni-phase curl rent the arrangement of Fig. 6 is to be preferred. iiere E and F, as in Figs. 1 and 2, refer, respectively, to the upper and lower parts of the secondary and a and b are the conunutatorbars to which the secondary is connected as seen in the figure. C, D are, respectively, the upper and lower primary coils which receive current from the main, and C is an auxiliary winding of secondary importance intended to create a'field shifted with respect to the field of the principal winding C to produce with it a resultant partially rotating or elliptically rotating held to start the rotor G. The diagramFig. 6 shows that the principal windingsC are arranged to windings C, and the lower windings D c'orrespond in arrangement with windings C. The secondary winding it F is reduced to the conductors which, in the position of maximum tension, are subjected to the inductive action of the two principal windings C and i). 'll esc conductors l) l are connected to the corresponding bars a, (1 (a, of the commutator i. The suppressed turns of E F are replaced by direct comm tionsc (1 connected to the Lars b of the commutator, which bars would normally correspond to the suppressed turns.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an apparatus for transforming either single or polyphase current into continuous current of variable voltage, the combination with distinct primaries adapted to receive polyphase current from the same main to produce distinct rotatory fields rotating at the same angular speed; of means for varying the angular relation of said primaries to adjust the angular relation of said rotatory fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatory fields to compound the separate effects thereof; and means for rectifying the resultant alternatingcurrents induced in said secondary.

2. In an apparatus for transforming either single or oolyphase current into continuous current of variable voltage, the combination with distinct primariesadapted to receive polyphase current from the same main to produce distinct rotatory fields rotating at same angular speed; of means for varying the angular relation of said primaries to ad'ust the angular relation of said rotatory fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatorv fields to compound the separate effects thereof, said secondary having a commutator in fixed relation thereto and brushes mounted to revolveon'said connnutater; and means to maintain the bearing points of said brushes substantially in coincidence with the revolving neutral line of commutation.

3. In an apparatus for transforming ,her single or polyphase current into continuous current of variable voltage, the combination with two separate primaries adapted to receive polyphase current from the same main to produce two distinct rotatory fields rotating at the same angular speed; of means for varying the angular relation of said primaries to ad just the angular relation of said rotatory fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatory fields to compound the separate effects thereof, said secondary having a comn'mta'tor in fixed relation thereto, and brushes mounted to revolve on said commutator, and a rotor mounted in one of said fields, said rotor being bodily connected with said brushes to revolve the same and means lo magnctize said rotor in a direction dependent upon the angular adjustment of the said ro-- tary fields.

4. In an apparatus for transforming either single or polyphase current into continuous current or variable voltage, the combination with two separate primaries adapted to re" ceive polyphase current from the same main. to produce two distinct rotatory fields rotating at the same angularspeed; of means for varying the angular relation of said primarice to adjust the angular relation of saidrotatory fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatory fields to compound the separate efiects thereof, said secondary having a 5. In an apparatus for transforming either single or fpolyphase current into continuous current 0 variable voltage, the combination with two separate primaries adapted to receive polyphase current from the same main to produce two distinct rotatory fields rotating at the same angular speed; of means for varying the angular relation of said primaries to adjust the angular relation of said rotatory fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatory fields to compound the separate efi'ects thereof, said secondary having a commutator in fixed relation thereto, and brushes mounted to revolve on said commutator, and a rotor mounted in one of said fields, said rotor being bodily connected with said brushes and having two windings, one being of thin Wire and calculated to yield the necessary field with the maximum voltage, the other of thick wire in series with an adjustable resistance.

6. In an apparatus for transforming either single or )olyphase current into continuous current oi variable voltage, the combination with two separate primaries adapted to receive polyphase current from the same main to produce two distinct rotatory fields rotating at the same angular speed; of means for varyii'ig the angular relation of said prima.

ries to adjust the angular relation of said rotat-cry fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatory fields to compound the separate etl'ects thereof, said secondary having a commutator in fixed relation thereto, and brushes mounted to revolve on-said commu tater, and a rotor mounted in one of said fields, said rotor being bodily connected with said brushes and having two windings, one being of thin wire and calculated to yield the necessary field with the maximum voltage, the other of thick wire in series with an a ljustable resistance, and means for varying the value of such resistance.

7. In an apparatus for transforming either commutator in fixed relation thereto, and brushes mounted to revolve on said commutater, and a rotor mounted, in one of said fields, said rotor being bodily connected with said brushes and having two windings, one being of thin wire and calculated to yield the necessary field with the maximum voltage, the other of thick wire in series with an adjustable resistance, and mechanism for connecting the said resistance adjusting meansand. the said rotatory field adjusting means to cause said two adjusting means to act simultaneously.

8. in an apparatus for transforming either single or polyphase current into continuous current of variable voltage, the combination with two separate primaries adapted to receive polyphase current from the same main to produce two distinct rotatory fields rotating at the same angular speed; of means for varying the angular relation of said primaries to adjust the angular relation of said rotatory fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatory fields to compound the separate efi'ects thereof, said secondary having a commutator in fixed relation thereto, and brushes mounted to revolve on said commutator, and a rotor mounted in one of said fields, said rotor being bodily conncctedwith said brushes and having two windings, one being of thin wire and calculated to yield the necessary field with the maximum voltage, the other ol' thick wire in series with an adjustable resistance, and mechanism for con nccting the said resistance adjusting means and the said rotatory field adjusting means to cause said two adjusting mcans to act simultaneously so that the total resistance of the adjustable rotor circuit shall remain proportional to the cotangcnt ol' the angle bctwccn the two rotatory fields.

9. In an apparatus l'or transforming either single or polyphasc current into continuous current of voltage variable at will to any do sirable value between certain limits, the combination ol' a stationary primary adapted to receive polyphasc current from a main to produce a rotatory field; and an angularly adjustable primary adapted to rc'ccivc polyphase current l'rom the same main to produce a second rotatory field rotating at the same speed as thc first; a secondin'y extending into said distinct rotary fields and having a commutator in fixcd relation therewith; a stationary iron core to close said adjustable ro- 1'20 single or polyphase current into continuous tary licld; and a revolving iron core to close current of variable voltage, the combination with two separate primaries adapted to rcccive polyphase current from the same main to produce two distinct rotatory ficlds rotating at the same angular spccd; of means for varying the angular relation ol said priniarics to adjust thc angular relation of said rotatory fields; a secondary extending into said distinct rotatory fields to compound the separate ell'ccts thereof, said secondaryhaving a said fixed rotary field; brushes carried by said revolving core, and windings on said core, said windings being connected with the said brushes lo polarizc the core in a direction dcpc'ndcnt upon the angular rclalion ol the two rotary ficlds; and slip rings conncclcd both clcctrimtlly and mechanically with such brushes.

' 10. in anapparatusl'ortransforming single phase current into continuous current of va- 1 polyphase current into continuous current riable voltage, the combination with two distinct primaries having polyphase windings,

being connected with the COlI'CSptHltllllg phase Winding of the other primary and means tor producing a lag or lead m the curf rent supplied to the circuit so formed in order to produce two separate rotary 'tields; of means for ad usting the angular relation ot said. primaries; a secondary extending into said distinct rotary fields to compound the separate etl'ects thereof; and means for rectis tying the resultant alternating currents ini duced in said secondary.

11. The combination With means for creating two distinct rotatory fields; and means for varying their angular relation at \vill ol a stationary secondary Winding extending mto both of said holds to compound theseparate inductive effects of the said two rotatory holds; and a fixed commutator connected with the said stationary Winding and having brushes adapted to revolt". substantially [H r coincidence with the resultant inductire etleet of the said two rotatory fields.

i ing \vit'nesses.

which consists in distributing the polyphase currents in the primary circuit so as to genone phase winding of one of said primaries crate distinct rotatory lields in separate parts of space. to produce separate inductive etlects on ditl'erent parts ot the secondary; and 'rect'il'ying the currents so generated in the secondary.

13. The method of transforming single or polyphase current into continuous current. of

variable Voltage consisting in :-distributing the polyphase current in theprimary circuit so as to generate distinct. rotatory 'lields rotating at the same speed in separate parts ol' space, to produce separate inductive ellects on dill'erenti parts ol the secondary; varying the angular relation of these distinct 'lields-to vary the phase relation oi' sueh induced etlects; and rectifying the currentdue to the joint action ol' these tWO ell'ects.

In testimony \rhereol' .l have signed this specification in the presence ol t\\'o subscrib- (nconencs mom.

\Yitnessesg J. J l as RY- AtioUs'rn B saris Ancnnmu) It. Bartnn. 

